Cold Fusionism?

A Historical Legacy and Its Future in the 21st Century

Editor’s note: On of my favorite quips in the world of energy policy is that fusion power has been ten years away for the last 50 years. Maybe someday, but I’m not holding my breath.

But there’s a different kind of “fusionism” that is also more than 50 years old, and it refers to the attempts at synthesis among various discordant strains of conservatism, especially Burkean-inspired traditionalism that Russell Kirk championed, and Adam Smith-inspired libertarianism (or “classical liberalism” if you prefer). Is a harmony between these and related strains (like “neoconservatism”) impossible to conceive? Keep in mind that Burke and Adam Smith were friends and mutual admirers; maybe we should think of them as the first “fusionists.”

Is fusionism making a comeback? There’s an informal working group that meets regularly in Washington to discuss the idea, but here we offer the thoughts of our central European correspondent Cliff Bates on the subject. He offers some helpful background, including the role of the late Frank Meyer, in promoting the idea in the first place. This should be of interest to everyone who follows the intellectual history of the conservative movement. especially in light of the newly arrived “national conservatism.”

—Steve

P.S. Oh yes, Cliff enjoys a good cigar (seen below enjoying one with an especially good book!). The last time we met in person was at the legendary Iwan Reis tobacco club in Chicago.

Fusionism has long served as a cornerstone of American conservatism, embodying the collaboration of various ideological factions united against a common adversary: liberalism. This coalition emerged prominently in the mid-20th century and sought to combine traditionalist, libertarian, and religious conservative elements into a cohesive strategy. Yet, as the political landscape continues to evolve, the relevance of historical fusionism is increasingly called into question. The pressures of globalization, along with shifting political identities, necessitate a thorough reevaluation of fusionism's foundational principles and priorities.

The historical context of fusionism reveals a coalition born out of necessity. In the aftermath of World War II, the United States confronted a formidable threat from communism and a liberal agenda perceived as detrimental to traditional values. As a response, various conservative factions formed a united front. This pragmatic approach proved instrumental in achieving political victories but also sowed the seeds of tension among the coalition's diverse constituents.

At the heart of fusionism was a commitment to a set of foundational principles that included limited government, free markets, and individual liberties. These principles provided a framework for collaboration among disparate groups, fostering a sense of shared purpose. However, the very nature of this coalition often necessitated compromises, leading to conflicts over priorities and strategies. Traditionalists, libertarians, and religious conservatives frequently found themselves at odds over issues ranging from social policy to economic regulation.

Prominent conservative intellectuals played a crucial role in articulating the philosophy of fusionism. Figures like Frank Meyer championed the idea that traditionalism and libertarianism could coexist and support one another in the fight against collectivism. This intellectual groundwork laid the foundation for a coalition capable of addressing the complexities of modern governance. However, as the political landscape has shifted, so too have the dynamics of this coalition, revealing the inherent tensions within its structure.

One of the most significant challenges facing fusionism today is the necessity of exclusion. Certain factions must be sidelined to maintain unity, particularly those advocating for policies that clash with the coalition's overarching goals. For instance, elements of the right pushing for globalization-friendly policies may be at odds with a new, more nationalistic approach to conservatism. As the political environment changes, fusionism must adapt or risk irrelevance.

The insistence on clinging to past forms of fusionism could spell political defeat. Historical forms of fusionism were tailored to the specific challenges of their time; however, the dynamics of contemporary conservatism are shaped by the realities of globalization, which poses unique threats to traditional ways of life and political identities. The challenges posed by globalization require a rethinking of coalition strategies, as rigid adherence to outdated principles may alienate potential supporters and fail to address pressing issues.

The rise of national conservatism signifies a substantial shift within the conservative movement. This new formation acknowledges the inadequacies of previous strategies in confronting the challenges posed by globalization and seeks to redefine the conservative agenda. National conservatism aims to resonate with those marginalized by global trends by protecting national identity and interests. This shift reflects a growing recognition that historical fusionism may no longer adequately address the realities of the contemporary political landscape.

Populism has become influential in contemporary conservatism, reflecting a burgeoning discontent with the status quo. The populist movement often prioritizes the needs and concerns of ordinary citizens over elite interests, aligning more closely with national conservative principles. This shift indicates a potential realignment within the conservative coalition, as the populist base demands a departure from the established norms of fusionism.

The threat of globalization has exacerbated feelings of alienation among various groups within the conservative base. As political identities become increasingly intertwined with economic and cultural concerns, conservatives must grapple with the implications of a globalized world. The reality of globalization necessitates a reevaluation of what it means to be conservative in the 21st century, raising pressing questions about the viability of traditional fusionist strategies.

Identity politics complicates the landscape for fusionism, as the growing emphasis on identity can lead to fragmentation within the conservative coalition. Different factions may prioritize their particular concerns over collective goals, undermining the potential for a unified movement. This divergence highlights the need for a more inclusive approach that recognizes and accommodates the diverse identities within the conservative movement while still pursuing a common agenda.

Effective leadership is paramount in navigating these challenges and shaping the future of fusionism. Leaders who can articulate a vision that resonates with a broad audience while addressing the specific concerns of various factions will be essential for maintaining unity. This requires a deep understanding of the current political landscape and the flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances. Leaders must be keenly aware of the evolving dynamics within the conservative coalition and the broader political environment.

In this context, the role of grassroots activism cannot be overstated. Local organizations and movements can serve as a bridge between different factions, fostering collaboration and understanding. By emphasizing shared values and goals, grassroots activists can help to build a more cohesive coalition that transcends ideological divides and focuses on practical solutions. Engaging individuals at the community level can also enhance the movement's inclusivity, making it more responsive to the concerns of everyday citizens.

The digital age has transformed political movements, providing new avenues for communication and organization. While social media can amplify divisions within the conservative coalition, it also offers opportunities for forging connections and building solidarity. Effective use of digital platforms can enhance the fusionist agenda by facilitating dialogue among diverse groups and mobilizing supporters around shared goals. Leveraging technology can enable conservatives to disseminate their message more widely, reaching audiences that traditional methods may not capture.

Moreover, the impact of global events on domestic politics cannot be ignored. As conservative movements worldwide grapple with similar challenges, American conservatism must adapt to this international context. The rise of right-wing populism in Europe, for example, may provide valuable insights and strategies that American conservatives can adopt in their pursuit of political relevance. International trends can inform domestic strategy and foster a more nuanced understanding of how globalization affects political dynamics.

A critical aspect of this evolution involves addressing the perception of complacency within the coalition. The success of fusionism has often led to a sense of security among its members, fostering a reluctance to confront emerging challenges. The alliance must remain vigilant, recognizing that political victories do not guarantee long-term success. Adaptability is essential for continued relevance, and conservatives must be willing to reassess their strategies in light of new developments.

The necessity of political victory remains paramount for any future iteration of fusionism. While ideological foundations are essential, achieving tangible results in governance is crucial for maintaining support. The potential for disillusionment among constituents looms large if the coalition fails to deliver on critical issues. Therefore, leaders must prioritize effective policy-making and demonstrate a commitment to addressing the concerns of their constituents.

The path to fusionism requires a commitment to collaboration and dialogue among its diverse factions. Acknowledging the complexities and tensions inherent within the coalition will be vital for fostering unity. Leaders must prioritize inclusivity and seek common ground, recognizing that the challenges of the present demand a reimagined approach to conservatism that accommodates various perspectives while still focusing on shared objectives.

The historical legacy of fusionism provides valuable lessons for navigating the complexities of contemporary politics. Understanding the successes and failures of past coalitions can inform current strategies and help prevent the pitfalls of rigid adherence to outdated principles. Embracing the lessons of history while remaining open to new ideas will be crucial for forging a viable path forward. A willingness to learn from the past can facilitate the development of a more resilient and adaptable coalition.

As younger generations become increasingly engaged in the political process, their perspectives will undoubtedly shape the future of conservatism. The energy and activism of young conservatives may drive the movement toward a more nationalistic and populist orientation, potentially redefining the meaning of fusionism for a new era. Encouraging participation among these future leaders is essential for ensuring the longevity and relevance of the conservative movement. Their fresh insights and innovative approaches can breathe new life into the coalition.

The intersection of faith and politics remains a defining feature of American conservatism, with religious conservatives playing a pivotal role in the coalition. However, the diverse priorities within this group must be addressed to foster inclusivity. Engaging with faith-based communities while respecting their unique perspectives will be crucial for building a more cohesive and unified conservative agenda. This engagement can enhance the coalition's appeal to a broader audience, creating opportunities for collaboration across ideological divides.

The relationship between conservatism and globalization poses a significant challenge. While globalization has fostered economic growth and interconnectedness, it has also led to feelings of disenfranchisement among many conservatives. The perception that global forces undermine local identities and traditions has fueled a backlash against globalization. Addressing these concerns is vital for the conservative movement, as it seeks to establish a more resonant and relevant agenda in an increasingly globalized world.

In light of these challenges, critically evaluating the principles that undergird the conservative movement is essential. The historical fusionism, while valuable in its time, may not adequately address the realities of today’s political environment. An unwillingness to adapt could alienate potential supporters and jeopardize the coalition's ability to engage with pressing issues effectively. A renewed focus on national interests and identity may be necessary to ensure the survival of the conservative movement in the 21st century.

As an emergent ideology, national conservatism offers a possible alternative framework that aligns more closely with the realities of contemporary conservatism. By prioritizing national identity and addressing the concerns of those who feel left behind by globalization, national conservatism seeks to redefine the coalition’s goals. This shift reflects a growing recognition that traditional fusionism may no longer adequately address the complexities of modern governance.

In conclusion, the historical legacy of fusionism may not adequately suit the present political environment. The challenges posed by globalization and shifting identities demand a reimagined approach to conservatism that recognizes the necessity of exclusion and adaptation. National conservatism emerges as a promising framework that prioritizes national interests, local identities, and cultural cohesion while addressing the discontent generated by global forces. By focusing on the concerns of everyday citizens and emphasizing the importance of community and tradition, national conservatism seeks to unite various factions of the right under a common purpose. This evolution in conservative thought reflects the realities of contemporary politics. It offers a path forward that may resonate more deeply with those who feel disconnected from the traditional political landscape. To succeed, this new iteration of conservatism must be willing to engage with diverse viewpoints, foster inclusivity, and articulate a vision that is both aspirational and grounded in the lived experiences of the populace. Ultimately, the conservative movement's future hinges on its ability to adapt and evolve, ensuring it remains relevant and effective in addressing the complexities of a rapidly changing world.